Euthanasia and Physician-assisted Deaths - Free Essay Example

Euthanasia and physician-assisted deaths have become a major topic of debate internationally. Upon analyzing an article that aids in defining how euthanasia and physician-assisted deaths play into palliative care, a better perspective can be developed on the topic. White papers are government reports that give citizens and the reader concise information on a given topic or issue; in this case, the issue is discovering how the different forms of hastened death play into palliative care. The overall purpose of this experimental study was to define the ethical frameworks and issues in relation to patients desire to have an assisted suicide. For the EAPC, European Association for Palliative Care, to set up these guidelines they designed an experiment based off a paper they published in 2003 regarding the topics of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicides. The took the previous 21 statements established on the information apropos of the time, creating a five-round test to update the validity of each statement. These five-round tests were based off the Delphi procedure, where experts answer questions based on multiple rounds. In the first round, experts in the palliative care and medical field were asked to give feedback. The rounds following this are all conducted using Survey Monkey; It is an online survey service to which the participates agreed or disagreed in a rating of sorts, using the Likert scale, with the previous set 21 statements. To create an updated version of their 2003 outline, they looked at the statements where those whom those who participated in the survey study did not completely agree with said stat ement. There were 6 out of the 21 statements that the participates didn’t agree with completely, although 68% was the lowest percentage of which all the participated did not agree (EAPC, 2015). The results of the surveys were rather interesting in that they decided that euthanasia and physician-assisted deaths were not a part of palliative care. They clearly defined the multiple concepts discussed, creating a more clear-cut white paper. Palliative care is defined as the professionals in that field viewing every life as full of worth, hoping to get the patient to see that resulting in improving their view of the situation they are dealing with. It was decided that palliative care experts should take into consideration the requests of euthanasia and physician hastened deaths to determine the thought process behind their wishes. The surveys showed that people believe that if the patients receive â€Å"special psychosocial and spiritual counseling† along with the best medical attempts to cure whatever symptoms the patient is having that they will view their life in a better light. I feel that this article would rate moderately high on the timeliness aspects of the TRAAP test. This article was posted in April of 2015, leaving a good three years of information on the topic to grow. Euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and other forms of hastened death have steadily become a heavy debate topic internationally. With timeliness how fresh and new the information presented in the article is looked at. This study is more recent than many of the studies that are out there, even as the topic has grown, making it one of the more up to date articles. Considering that this article was based off a 2003 white paper and was looking to refresh the definitions and ethical framework as the topic began to heat up adds to the timeliness aspect. This article ties together hastened death and how with the right counseling and treatments a patient could see that their life is full of worth, no matter their current state. This article defined certain terms and all the information present in the article is detailed. I feel that this makes the article rate more on the upper side of the â€Å"R† or relevance scale of TRAPP, which gauges the importance of the information in the article. The article aided in my understanding of palliative care, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and all the aspects that should be considered. I feel that could have delved deeper into how depression impacts the patient and their reasoning as to why they wish for a hastened death. I think if the researcher and experts in this article would have addressed how â€Å"terminal† illnesses play into a patient’s decision, along with other major factors, it would have allowed the reader to get dual perspectives. To examine the credibility of the source, we look at the â€Å"A† in the TRAAP test, which stands for authority. This article rates highly on the authority scale due to the multitude of credible experts and authors that put together the article. This article was also peer-reviewed by multiple credible experts and authors. The EAPC has an Impact factor of 3.780, which adds to the credibility of the article. Those who wrote the article are on the board of the EAPC, making them experts on the topic at hand, not only did the go to school to learn about the topic at hand, they also work first- hand in the field and are able to see the assisted suicide debate first hand. I feel that the way they conducted this experiment was a little narrow and they could have broadened the study a little more, extending it to other medical professionals. To determine how reliable and correct the information from the source is, we look at the second â€Å"A† in TRAAP, which stands for Accuracy. I feel that this article rates high on the accuracy scale of the TRAAP test as its information is heavily based on expertise and expert research. The multiple authors of this paper cite all their sources, so you can track where they obtained the information in their article. I read about a lot of new topics concerning physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, yet this article is backed up by a more reliable source. The authors that contributed to this article â€Å"declared no potential conflicts of interest,† creating a less bias piece (EAPC, 2015). The main goal of the â€Å"P† in TRAAP is to evaluate the purpose of the article and why it was created. I would rate this article rather high on the purpose scale of TRAAP. I feel that the author’s main goal is to inform the readers about the updated version of the white paper the EAPC established in 2003 along with the current debate about hastened deaths and its possible expansion. The article sets out to explain how palliative care is a much better alternative to euthanasia; although, physicians should consider a patient’s wishes at all times. The target audience was anyone who has an interest in the current debate about the ethical framework of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicides. This article also targets those in the medical field who want to gain information on the benefits of palliative care in comparison to styles of hastened death. The information in this article stays on topic and gets across the points it set out to make, creating a high ratin g for the purpose aspect. Overall, I would rate this article very high according to the TRAAP test. The information in the article is relatively current and up to date. The article relays information that is important when discussing physician-assisted suicides and euthanasia, along with the palliative care aspect of health care. The information in this article is very reliable and all the sources are easily able to be tracked. Those who aided in writing the article are experts in this field of healthcare and were able to give insight from an authority figure who can relay an accurate perspective of the topic to the readers. This article also gives defines its purpose and explains it throughout the entire paper, resulting in a clear set of defined terms and concepts surrounding palliative care, euthanasia, and physician-assisted suicides and how they all intertwine. Looking back at the methodology of this article, there were a few strengths and weaknesses that should be further looked at. In the research article, the number of experts that took the survey was not listed, knowing the number of people who took the test would allow the reader to gauge how many experts agreed with the 21 statements. Another weakness of this article’s methodology would be that all of those who took the survey work on the board or are members of the EAPC, I feel like this makes the results of this study a bit bias. I feel like this could also be a strength considering they are all experts in palliative care, making the information reliable. I feel that if they had expanded the survey to other palliative care organizations and may be used physicians who participated in euthanasia, the results would be more all-inclusive. I think that the way the survey is set up is good for analyzing the 21 statements, allowing the person who conducted the experiment to look at how people agree with the statement. I think that the survey is also a little suggestive, in that it is leading the medical expert to think morally and not consider all the aspects of euthanasia. This article addresses my research topic well. The article touches on how patients should receive counseling and made to rethink the value they put on their life, to make the patients reconsidering their worth. The article gives off the impression that through palliative care and counseling, those who had previously wanted to commit suicide will feel more at ease with their lives. I feel that it could have discussed depression more and how that affected a patient’s decision to commit physician-assisted suicide. The paper explains how many get patient’s request death, so they don’t feel like a burden to their families, and because they are miserable in their current situation, and are reaching for control. Through an examination of all aspects of a patients reasoning for wanting a hastened death should be talked about and can ultimately save their life. This article branched out to discuss more of the ethical standpoint of euthanasia and how that should be a last resort and heavily monitored so killing does not become socially acceptable and palliative care is not devalued in any way. The article does not touch on the topic of depression as much as I would have liked but provided a good source with very valuable information.

Rfid And Its Impact On The Supply Chain Management System

INTRODUCTION Among all the technologies that have developed in the recent times, RFID has had the largest impact on the supply chain management system. RFID that stands for Radio Frequency Identification provides a real time tracking information of parts and products and is capable of maintaining it throughout the supply chain. This technology has proved itself as an efficient method to track the inventory and has a great potential in improving the supply chain management system as a whole. The information system of any supply chain should be effective and fluent; any communication gap can lead to huge losses. A prudent technology, one like RFID helps achieving these operations and helps reduce cost significantly. Retailers like Wal-Mart,†¦show more content†¦The components of an RFID system are the tag, the reader and the host computer system, which has the software that works as an interface between the data collected and storage device by converting the same into useful information. RFID has immense potential for all parties in the supply chain, to mention few: 1. In manufacturing the RFID provides with a detailed and automated surveillance of parts that are stored or are processed in the factory/ warehouse. The RFID not only detects parts but is also capable of keeping records of parts that have been defected or being sold. This gives an advantage to the factory owner to trace not only their useful parts but also parts that could potentially be harmful in the future. 2. In distribution of goods and parts the RFID helps by taking proper care of the inventory and their navigation so properly that it leaves no place for human interference. This in turn speeds up the shipping process without any/ minimum errors. Human interfered inventories frequently go through shortages due errors which the RFID system does not go though. 3. For retailers, the RFID plays the role of detector. It ensures the stocking, tracks the parts and also makes sure that if there is any theft or breakage it records it as well. Not just this, due to its integration with host computer system it acceleratesShow MoreRelatedThe Radio Frequency Identification Device ( Rfid ) Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesDevice (RFID) is a powerful technology for companies in the logistics and supply chain management industry. According to Jakobs (2000), he states that the RFID system use tiny tags with embedded microchips that contains data. This data contains the location and information about the product/item and transfers the data to RFID readers through radio signals. The RFID system is my innovation solution to improving the technologies Hunzal currently use in managing their logistics and supply chain. RFIDRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid )1582 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Table of Contents Introduction 2 What is RFID? 2 RFID in Supply chain management 2 How has RFID implementation improved Supply chain performance at Wal-Mart 3 Impact of RFID technology on SCM Effectiveness – Food Industry in Iran 3 Short comings of RFID 5 Future of RFID 5 References 6 Introduction In this paper we will discuss how Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) influences the role and importance of supply chain management in organizations. This paper will also discussRead MoreAdvanced Technology And Supply Chain Management1434 Words   |  6 Pagesreport is to explore one technology that has made a great impact on the supply chain and is increasingly becoming more popular. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as an advanced technology in supply chain management is the technological solution most firms are looking at these days. 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The current CEO of Hunzal has seen discussion in the logistics and supply chain industry of this new radical technology known as the Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) and how it has benefited companies in significantRead MoreRadio Frequency Identity Tags in Supply Chain Management Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesRadio Frequency Identity Tags (RFID) can greatly improve a companyâ⠂¬â„¢s performance. RFID can be used as a tool for optimizing business processes and improve the efficiency of operations. It is used in a wide variety of areas. Here, in this report we will explore the possibility of RFID in supply chain management. It may improve the potential benefits of supply chain management through increase of the four factors: efficiency, accuracy, visibility, and security. RFID technology has a great potentialRead MoreChanging Business Environments1652 Words   |  7 Pagesdoing business whether big or small ranging from small grocery store to a big retail chain is the supply chain process. With the increase in exposure of the companies to the global environment, liberal trade policies, business partnerships and virtual proximity between any two locations of the world, supply chain management has become one of the buzz words in this global business environment. Supply chain management is a collaborative effort of multiple channel members to design, implement and manageRead MoreWhat is Supply Chain Management? Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesstagnant while led to exponential growth of continuously evolving companies . Supply chain, which was once considered a small part of operations, has now become one of the most important departments. â€Å"The term Supply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities.† as quoted by the council of Supply Chain Management Professionals.[1] In current competitive environment, to attain utmostRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Logistics Management1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Information Technology on Logistics Management By Khuong La Supply Chain Management 560 Fontbonne University Instructor: Andrew Clones May 9, 2013 Introduction The absolute cost of logistics will increase with growth in the economy however, the logistics costs as percent of GDP have declined since â€Å"1985 from 12.3 percent to 9.9 percent in 2006. In fact, logistics costs were closer to 20 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the early to mid-1970s.† (Coyle

Ethics Ethics And Ethics - 2028 Words

Logos II- Virtue Ethics 1. Virtue ethics is one of three dominant methods in normative ethics (deontology and consequentialism). These three approaches are distinguished by the way that an ethical situation/scenario is approached, not on the inferences made. Ethics refers to the moral values that directs an individual’s behaviour. Virtues ethics underlines the role of the character and virtues that one embodies whilst deciphering ethical behaviour. For example a scenario where it is evident that a person is in need of help, a virtue ethicist would state that by helping one would be altruistic and benevolent. Virtue ethics highlights on the agent not the actions, it expresses that morality is derived from the character or ‘morals’, as†¦show more content†¦A virtue is a multi-track disposition and a goodness of rational will, with this mentality and attitude an individual deliberates and contemplates on a variety of factors when taking action. Aristotle states that to be virtuous is to have no conflicting ideas, whereas the continent will have a great need to resist. Thus for a virtuous person it should be easy to be fully virtuous, the exercise of will-power infers flawed virtue. Phronesis is a key concept in virtue ethics, it suggests that virtue can only be fully achieved when practical wisdom takes place. Practical wisdom enables the individual to have the awareness and thought that is required in any given situation. There are two distinguishable traits of practical wisdom, these include life experiences and the agent’s ability to identify the significance of factors which influence different circumstances. Aristotle states that the purpose of being human is to successfully apply reason/‘the virtues’. According to Aristotle there are two types of virtue, these are virtues of the intellect and moral virtues. Aristotle believes that intellectual virtues can be taught, and that moral virtues are acquired. Furthermore he proposes that no being achieves the purpose of life, ‘eudaimonia’ meaning happiness and flourishing without applying ‘the virtues’ and living a life with reason. 2. A virtue is a good-making property, for a person to be fully

The Feminist Movement in America of 60’s free essay sample

The feminist movement in America of 60’s Maintenance: Introdaction The reasons of occurrence of the second wave of feminism in the beginning of 60’s Prominent features and differences of feminism of a new wave » Movement for the rights of women and female liberation movement Legal victories Timeline of key events View on Popular Culture The conclusion Literature Introduction. Feminism (fr. Feminisme, from an armour. Femina woman) in wide sense aspiration to equality of women with men in all spheres of a life of a society, in narrow sense – a womens movement which purpose is elimination of discrimination of women and equality of their rights with men. It is possible to name a synonym the term â€Å"emancipation of women†. Emancipation (lat. -emancipatio) Romans were designated by clearing from under the fatherly power. From here there was a general value-clearing from dependence and restriction. Feminist movement has long history which can be divided into two basic periods. The first is a so-called feminism of the first wave or old feminism (end Ð ¥VIII – first third Ð ¥Ã ¥ centuries). At the heart of its ideology liberal doctrine about equality of the rights of citizens lay, the basic direction was sufragism– struggle for political equality of women. It has stopped the existence after its basic mission, and in the majority of the developed countries of the woman has been executed have received a vote on parliamentary elections. The second wave of feminism, neofeminism, has risen on a wave of the left movements of the end of 1960th. Owing to it in neofeminism except the liberal direction continuing traditions of old feminism, the strong radical current is allocated. This feminism proclaims unity of interests of all women and necessity of their incorporated struggle against mans domination not only in sphere public, but also sphere of a private life. Some researchers allocate also the third wave of feminism (from the beginning 1990th) which is characterized by attention strengthening to theoretical questions, carrying over of the analysis of problems from a social and economic plane on philosophical level. Now the feminism remains the considerable social movement which has reached of the greatest successes in the field of culture. In the centre of attention of feminism in its forms there is a remaining gender inequality of women. 1. The reasons of occurrence of the second wave of feminism in the beginning of 60’s The success of sufragism has for a while suspended the general development female political movement, which was four decades subsequent almost in a hibernation condition. But, despite all achievements of feminism, still in all spheres of a life, men predominated. It has appeared that equality on a paper insufficiently, it was necessary to change the relation to the woman and in consciousness of people. Awakening or â€Å"female revival† has begun in 60’s years. Its epicenter of a steel of the USA, where exactly these years observed activisation of the democratic processes directed on liquidation of various forms of discrimination, and first of all racism. The womens movement has found new, frequently radical forms, that has found reflexion in its name – â€Å"female liberation movement† (Women’s liberation). The phrase Women’s Liberation was first used in the United States in 1964 and first appeared in print in 1966. By 1968, although the term Women’s Liberation Front appeared in the magazine Ramparts, it was starting to refer to the whole women’s movement. The new wave of struggle for emancipation has been caused by structural changes in society and, first of all, substantial growth of a share of female work in a social production. So, to 1960, in the USA women made more than one third of manpower of the country, thus 54 % of workers of women were married, and 33 % had children that testifies to the business factors inducing women to join in a public industrial practice. With acquisition of experience of women’s political activity it was steel and more self-assured, in the forces. The impression is made that modern movement for clearing of women went a similar way. At its initial stage struggle for success the same specific goals – such as the right to abortion, the divorce right, legal prosecution of tyrants and the men beating the wives was developed. Option was a keyword: women aspired to dispose of their own life and, first of all – own body. The labour market became one more important field of activity of a womens movement at the present stage. Here struggle of women is conducted for the right to work reception, equality an advancement of possibilities on the career steps, equal paymen t for equal work. Thus, the feminism causes essential and irreversible changes in a life of the woman in all that concerns its social status, its sexual functioning, its place in a society. These processes make considerable impact on consciousness growth, both women, and men. 2. Prominent features and differences of feminism of a new wave » Feminist movement of 60’s and the beginnings of 70’s has received a little extravagant colouring, being shown in causing, even shocking traditionally adjusted the public by unusual slogans, forms of expression of the protest. Aspiring to awakening female consciousness, to clearing of public opinion of inertia patriarch the focused moral installations, feminists used, for example, receptions of the vulgar theatre†. In leaflets arisen in 1968Ð ³. To the American organisation under the scandalous name Witch it was told: â€Å"Everything that is repressive, has exclusively mans orientation, enviously, is noted by Puritanism and authoritativeness, should become a target of your criticism. Your weapon – your boundless fine imagination. Your force proceeds from you as from women, and it repeatedly amplifies from teamwork with your sisters. Your debt – to release your brothers (they want it or not) and from stereotypes of sexual roles†. The feminism, as well as any other political movement, could not avoid radicalism, leftism as some kind of illnesses of growth. Time, that sends a maturity of estimations, moderation and suspension of actions, at last, theoretical validity Was required. It was promoted substantially by creation of a network of so-called female researches (women’s studies), called simultaneously to conduct educational work and to bring the scientific base under movement for clearing of women. Female researches became an integral part of curriculums of many universities, there were many specialised research centres. 3. Movement for the rights of women and female liberation movement The second branch of movement –  «radical, left, often socialist feminism which denied idea of equality with men. In its frameworks was considered that political reforms never will release women, the main accent should be made on women, instead of on the state. The movement purpose – to change a way of thought and action, to overestimate a female essence, instead of to adapt the woman for ans values » Participants of this movement considered that women as group have the specific interests, which they should struggle together, irrespective of social or a racial accessory. Personal changes became the basic arena of struggle. This branch of movement operated more at local level. According to its participants, change of a society of the woman should begin with itself. This branch w ith-stood from set of groups (so-called  «groups of awakening of consciousness »), in which were not the leader and accurate structure. A little later, within the limits of it direction, the crisis centers for victims of rape, shelters for the wives suffering violence in a family, medical clinics, the female centers, the public co-operative societies, the centers for rendering of legal services, services on employment, female cafes and restaurants, female theatrical groups, art galleries,  «emancipating schools », bookshops, shops on sale of craft products and a network of female researches » have been created. The new womens movement has affected programs of almost all parties in the western countries. Left parties have appeared the most susceptible to feministic ideas. Many members of feminist movement became members of the left and green parties. Besides, in the majority of the countries the institutes which are taking up the problems of women (committees of the equal status, the ministry of affairs of women, etc. ) have been created. Though the majority of feminists and today specify in remaining problems and the discrimination facts, position of women in the West is real has changed very strongly. Women actively participate in various social movements and institutes; the female political representation has sharply increased in 1980th, especially in the Scandinavian countries where women have received to one third of places in parliament. 4. Legal victories Amongst the most significant legal victories of the movement after the formation of NOW were a 1967 Executive Order extending full Affirmative Action rights to women, Title IX and the Womens Educational Equity Act (1972 and 1975, educational equality), Title X (1970, health and family planning), the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974), the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, the illegalization of marital rape and the legalization of no-fault divorce in all states, a 1975 law requiring the U. S. Military Academies to admit women, and many Supreme Court cases, perhaps most notably, Reed v. Reed of 1971 and Roe v. Wade of 1973. However, the changing of the social attitudes towards women are usually considered the greatest success of the womens movement. _5. Timeline of key events_ The rise of the second-wave 1953 The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir (1949) translated from French to English Late 1950s Awareness rises that many women are disgruntled by their status in society and their inability to hold successful careers or achieve equality. 1960 The Food and Drug Administration approves combined oral contraceptive pills. They are made available in 1961. 1961 President Kennedy makes womens rights a key issue of the New Frontier, and names women (such as Esther Peterson) to many high-ranking posts in his administration. 50,000 women in 60 cities, mobilized by Women Strike for Peace, protest above ground testing of nuclear bombs and tainted milk. Helen Gurley Brown writes Sex and the Single Girl. 1963 The Commissions report finds discrimination against women in every aspect of American life and outlines plans to achieve equality. Specific recommendations for women in the workplace include fair hiring practices, paid maternity leave, and affordable childcare. Twenty years after it is first proposed, the Equal Pay Act establishes equality of pay for men and women performing equal work. However, it does not cover domestics, agricultural workers, executives, administrators or professionals. Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique is published, becomes a best-seller, and lays the groundwork for the feminist movement. Alice Rossi presents Equality Between the Sexes: An Immodest Proposal at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences conference. 964 Title XII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bars employment discrimination on account of sex, race, etc. by private employers, employment agencies, and unions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is established; in its first five years, 50,000 complaints of gender discrimination are received. 1965 Casey Hayden and Mary King circulate a memo about sexism in Civil Rights Movement. The Supreme Court case Griswold v. Connecticut strikes down the only remaining state law banning the use of contraceptives by married couples. The case Weeks v. Southern Belle marks a major triumph in the fight against restrictive labor laws and company regulations on the hours and conditions of women’s work, opening many previously male-only jobs to women. The Woman Question is raised for the first time at a Students for Democratic Society (SDS) conference. EEOC commissioners are appointed to enforce the Civil Rights Act. Among them there is only one woman, Aileen Hernandez, a future president of NOW. The Time Is NOW 1966 Twenty-eight women, among them Betty Friedan, found the National Organization for Women (NOW) to function as a civil rights organization for women. Betty Friedan becomes its first president. The group is the largest womens group in the U. S. and pursues its goals through extensive legislative lobbying, litigation, and public demonstrations. 1967 Executive Order 11375 expands President Johnsons 1965 affirmative action policy to cover discrimination based on sex, resulting in federal agencies and contractors taking active measures to ensure that all women as well as minorities have access to educational and employment opportunities equal to white males. Women’s liberation groups begin springing up all over the nation. NOW begins petitioning the EEOC to end sex-segregated want ads and adopts a Bill of Rights for Women. Senator Eugene McCarthy introduces the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the US Senate. New York Radical Women is formed by Shulamith Firestone and Pam Allen. Anne Koedt organizes consciousness raising groups. The National Welfare Rights Organization is formed. From Miss America protests to revolution 1968 Robin Morgan leads members of New York Radical Women to protest the Miss America Pageant of 1968, which they decried as sexist and racist. The first national womens liberation conference is held in Lake Villa, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. The National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL) is founded by Betty Friedan and others. Coretta Scott King assumes leadership of the African-American Civil Rights Movement following the death of her husband, and expands the movements platform to include womens rights. Shirley Chisholm is elected to the United States Congress that same year, the first black congresswoman. The EEOC rules sex-segregated help wanted ads in newspapers illegal, a ruling which is upheld in 1973 by the Supreme Court. Women now are able to apply for higher-paying jobs previously opened only to men. New York feminists bury a dummy of Traditional Womanhood at the all-womens Jeanette Rankin Brigade demonstration against the Vietnam War in Washington, D. C. For the first time, feminists use the slogan Sisterhood is Powerful. The first public speakout against abortion laws is held in New York City. Notes from the First Year, a womens liberation theoretical journal, is published by the New York Radical Women. NOW celebrates Mothers Day with the slogan Rights, Not Roses. Mary Daly, professor of theology at Boston College, publishes a scathing criticism of the Catholic Churchs view and treatment of women entitled The Church and the Second Sex. 1969 The radical organization, Redstockings, organizes. Members of Redstockings disrupt a hearing on abortion laws of the New York Legislature when the panel of witnesses turns out to be 14 men and a nun. The groups demands repeal, not reform, of abortion laws. Redstockings popularizes slogans such as Sisterhood is Powerful, and The Personal is Political which become buzzwords of the feminist movement. California adopts a no fault divorce law which allows couples to divorce by mutual consent. It is the first state to do so; by 1985 every state has adopted a similar law. Legislation is also passed regarding equal division of common property. _6. _View on Popular Culture This wave of feminism helped to educate women and allowed them to see their personal lives as politicized and reflective of the sexist structure of power seen throughout society. â€Å"One project of second wave feminism was to create ‘positive’ images of women, to act as a counterweight to the dominant images circulating in popular culture and to raise women’s consciousness of their oppressions. Feminists during the movement viewed popular culture as just another example of gender equalities that tried to prove the idea that woman are classified into false images of how they should act and the roles they should play. They believed that the mass media was influencing women to act in certain ways. Artist Helen Reddy’s song â€Å"I Am Woman† played a large role in popular culture and became the feminist anthem; Reddy came to be known as a feminist poster girl or a feminist icon. Throughout second wave feminism other organizations started to form, such as the NOW and different black organizations emerged. {draw:frame} The conclusion Influence of political, economic, social changes on position of women was very inconsistent. Traditionally the woman erected to a pedestal, saw its role mainly in creation and preservation of the family centre, in education of children. But it did not prevent to use female work on a laborious work and to shut eyes to an inequality in wages of men and women. When the requirement for a labour has increased, women have recruited ranks of hired workers. And it besides that long time the married woman could not own the property, sign contracts on its own behalf and even to dispose of own wages. Centuries before in the developed countries of Europe and America the equal rights of citizens irrespective of a floor (in the USA – in 1920Ð ³ have been proclaimed were required. ). The society began to depart gradually from a rigid binding of those or other economic and behavioural norms on the basis of a floor, from traditional concepts about constructed on the gender factor of division of house, parental duties and labour activity out of door. Feministic ideas, in my opinion, and keep today the urgency. Let women have already achieved much, but original equality in a society is not carried out yet. Still in the politician and economy men predominate, with doubt concern progressive, business women. On a paper laws proclaim equality, and in practice old, patriarchal foundations in a family prevail, the man still considers itself as the owner in the house and in a society.